Saw friendship is electric. Chainsaw Friendship - design features, repairs, alterations from a chainsaw

Timber felling mechanization and chain saws. In 2013, the majority of Russians associate the appearance of both with the Druzhba chainsaw, which appeared in the late 1950s. And few people know that the massive use of chainsaws in our country began 10 years before the appearance of "Friendship". Motopila.TV and the Museum of Industrial Culture are planning to highlight this part of our history within the framework of the VIVAT-2013 exhibition at the 10 Years Before Friendship: Electric Saws in the Cutting Area.

The domestic history of chain saws begins in the 1930s. For many reasons, in the USSR, more attention was paid to ELECTRIC chain saws, and not to gasoline-powered saws. As a result of the work of several design teams, the TsNIIME K-5 electric chain saw was born. Distinctive features of this electric saw was that it was operated by one person and powered by an electric current of increased frequency - 200 Hz.

The new electric saw was lightweight, reliable and required fewer people to work than the chain saws used at that time in our country. In 1949, the creators of this electric saw received the Stalin Prize for its development, and the industry began mass production of the K-5. By the way, a folding guide rail was used in the K-5 electric saw, and only 10 years later it was used in the Druzhba chainsaw.

The introduction of new technology took place not only in the forest - a wide propaganda campaign was carried out among the population. The VIVAT-2013 exhibition features illustrations from Soviet magazines and reproductions of propaganda posters from the 1950s. By the time the Druzhba chainsaw entered the historical scene, felling in our country was massively mechanized using electric saws from TsNIIME K-5.

In the late 1950s, when chainsaws began to displace electric saws from cutting areas, the next version was created - TsNIIME K-6. The new power saw was used for tree cutting and construction work. In the late 1960s, the EPCh-3 electric saw was created, which has survived to this day.

The scale of use and role of this type of saws can be judged by how deeply they left a mark on our culture. Sculptures, paintings and even a feature film released in 1958 - three years before the well-known "Girls". The VIVAT-2013 exhibition presents a reproduction of the most famous painting in which the K-6 electric saw appears. This is a painting by the Kostroma artist Alexei Belykh "Lumberjack". (Despite the name, this 1964 painting depicts not a lumberjack, but a buncher!)

In addition to reproductions, electric saws K-6 and EPCh-3 will be presented at the VIVAT-2013 exhibition. Visitors will be able to see with their own eyes the tools that carried out the post-war reconstruction of our country and compare them with the classic Druzhba chainsaw.

Exhibition of Historical and Military Automotive Equipment - VIVAT

The VIVAT exhibition has been held since 2008 in Moscow at st. District, property 3. VIVAT-2013 will be held on June 29-30, 2013 and will feature the Restoration Workshop of Evgeny Shamansky, the Syuzniki and Lend-Lease Museum, the Skiba and Sons Garage, the Vystrel Military Historical Club, the Historical Ramenskoye Automobile Society, Club "Stolichnaya Artel", water-motor club "Debarkader" (Ukraine), "Pobeda-club", Club "Retromobile" in Podolsk and many others.

The legendary Druzhba 4M Electron chainsaw is an excellent example of how a good old garden tool with more than 2 years of history can easily give odds to modern high-tech units these days. What are the advantages of the Soviet chainsaw and where it is used - we will consider in more detail.

Chainsaw device Friendship - a detailed description of the design

The design of the famous Soviet chainsaw is based on a powerful 2-stroke single-cylinder MP-1 engine with an air cooling system, which has an increased service life and good endurance. The engine is lubricated with oil, which is diluted in gasoline to prepare the fuel mixture. The air supplied to the carburetor is cleaned using a foam air filter. A reliable and durable starter is responsible for starting the engine.

The saw fittings are connected to the motor using flange connections, which are fixed with a clamp attached to the handles of the chainsaw. Thanks to this unusual arrangement, the operator is able to turn the bar with the saw chain at any angle required for work. In addition, this method of connecting the saw fittings and the motor makes it possible to use the latter in cases where it becomes necessary to make various home-made household units.

The preparation of the fuel mixture in the construction of the Druzhba 4 chainsaw is handled by a carburetor consisting of two chambers. Electronic ignition and a spark plug are responsible for the formation of the spark required to ignite the fuel. The chainsaw device has a standard silencer, the function of which is to reduce the noise level when working with the tool.

To transmit and convert the torque of the motor in the design of the Druzhba chainsaw, a gearbox is provided. It is highly reliable and rarely requires repair, even when operating the chainsaw in harsh conditions.

Chainsaw specifications Friendship

Chainsaw Friendship 4 has excellent technical characteristics, which favorably distinguishes it among modern professional models. Among the design parameters of the Soviet instrument, the following should be highlighted:

• Engine power - 3.5 liters. s. / 2600 Watt;
• The size of the tire recommended for work is 45 cm;
• Saw chain pitch - 0.325 “;
• Fuel filling tank - 550 ml;
• Lubricant reservoir - 260 ml;
• Weight - 7 kg.

Representatives of the 4th generation of the Druzhba chainsaw have the highest technical characteristics among the entire line of chainsaws of this brand. By the way, their predecessor, the Druzhba 2 chainsaw, has a capacity of 2.8 liters. with., which significantly reduces the ability of the tool in practical use.

Chainsaw repair and maintenance Friendship

Reliable spare parts and durable mechanisms of the Druzhba chainsaw are not able to protect the tool from breakage. Most often, the reasons for the malfunction of the tool are improper handling or trivial wear and tear of mechanisms.

To reduce the risk of premature damage to the chainsaw, you should use high-quality gasoline of a brand not lower than AI-80 for refueling, in which oil for 2-stroke engines should be diluted. The proportion of gasoline and oil should be 1:25, that is, 40 ml of engine oil should be diluted in 1 liter of fuel.

The chain oil must also be of high quality. In no case do not pour waste material into the oil tank of the Druzhba chainsaw, otherwise this will lead to a breakdown of the tool lubrication system. To prevent the chainsaw chain from giving in to excessive friction, use only fresh oil from trusted manufacturers.

It should be noted that the use of a high-quality fuel mixture and lubricant does not yet guarantee the continuous uninterrupted operation of the Druzhba chainsaw. However, even if you find a malfunction, do not get upset right away. Some breakdowns are quite easy to fix with your own hands. Below we list typical malfunctions of a domestic instrument and ways to eliminate them on their own.

Chainsaw carburetor adjustment Friendship

If you notice that the Friendship chainsaw starts up and stalls - the reason for this, most likely, lies in the violation of the factory settings of the carburetor. In this case, you need to immediately adjust the carburetor. The procedure will require the use of 3 adjusting screws labeled "H", "L" and "T". As the instruction manual indicates, you need to adjust the carburetor in this order:

1. To find the highest engine idle speed, slowly turn the screw marked “L” clockwise. Once you find the maximum RPM, turn the same screw ¼ of a turn back. If after that the chain on the bar continues to rotate, then turn the screw marked "T" counterclockwise until the saw unit stops completely;
2. Turning the screw marked with the letter "H" will adjust the required power and rpm. To do this, you need to connect a tachometer to the Druzhba chainsaw and by turning the screw "H" find the optimal number of revolutions specified in the instructions. Immediately after that, turn screw “H” ¼ turn counterclockwise;
3. Then you need to make a fine adjustment of the engine idle speed. To do this, turn the “T” screw until the saw chain starts rotating. Immediately then turn the screw “T” in the opposite direction until the chain stops completely.

Adjusting the carburetor as instructed will allow you to reduce fuel consumption of the Druzhba chainsaw and protect its parts from excessive wear.

How to set the ignition on the Friendship chainsaw?

If, when starting the engine, there is no spark on the Druzhba chainsaw, then, first of all, you need to check the condition of the candle. If traces of oil and carbon deposits appear on it, the part must be thoroughly cleaned from clogging and the space under it must be cleaned. If after that the Friendship chainsaw does not start, then it is necessary to check the position of the magneto in the adapter. Initially, there are marks on the adapter and on the magneto chainsaw Friendship. If the magneto is correctly installed in the adapter, then the position of the marks is the same and the chainsaw is working properly. However, if the position of the marks is violated, then the chainsaw will not start.

To properly repair the tool, you need to carefully study the manual for its operation. As the instructions for repairing the Druzhba chainsaw indicate, to install the ignition, you need to remove the cover to which the starter is attached and turn the magneto so that the marks on it and the adapter match. After that, the Friendship chainsaw will start much easier.

What can you do from the Friendship chainsaw with your own hands?

Among the people, not only the Friendship chainsaw itself is very popular, but also homemade products from it. Let's look at what homemade products from the Friendship chainsaw can be made at home, and what this may require.

Do-it-yourself snowmobile from a chainsaw Friendship

For the manufacture of a snowmobile based on the Friendship chainsaw, first of all, it is necessary to prepare and carefully study the drawings. Having a diagram at hand, you will understand which sequence the unit parts should be installed in, and get the job done many times faster.

The structure of the snowmobile from the Friendship chainsaw should include a strong, durable frame on which the tracks, motor and steering controls will be mounted. In addition to tracks, the unit requires skids, clutch and gas levers to move. Due to the fact that the chainsaw does not have a transmission, a centrifugal clutch can be installed on the snowmobile from the Friendship chainsaw.

In order to increase convenience when moving on a snowmobile, you need to install shock absorbers. You can use an old bicycle or, even better, a moped as a "donor" for steering controls. The handlebar should be redesigned so that the axle in the center of the handlebar turns the snowmobile's skis.

For making a winch with your own hands, you will need a drive from a Druzhba chainsaw. The higher the power of the tool motor, the better the pulling force of the winch will be. This indicator can also be increased several times by using an additional block.

The construction of the winch must also include belts, hooks and a tap block. All of these elements are fastened with powerful anchor bolts.

Homemade sawmill from the Druzhba chainsaw

For the manufacture of this structure from the Friendship chainsaw, a strong steel frame is required, to which the saw is attached by means of a rigid connection. In the middle of the frame, opposite the chainsaw, you need to fix the guides in the form of rails along which the wood will flow to the tire and chain of the Friendship chainsaw.

The finished structure can cut thick logs into 3-4 longitudinal sections. The advantage of such a sawmill will be its compactness and cost-effectiveness.

For self-production of this unit, you will need an auger, at the end of which screws will be attached. To transfer torque from the Druzhba chainsaw motor to the auger, a gearbox is required. The gear ratio of the gearbox must be 2: 1.

The finished unit is capable of accelerating a boat with two adult passengers up to a speed of 20 km / h. Fuel consumption, in this case, will be no more than 1 l / h.

In the abundance of designs and modifications of modern chainsaws, the Soviet chainsaw "Druzhba-4", which began its victorious march through the logging sites of the USSR back in 1955, simply had to get lost. But that did not happen. It is still in constant demand today, and having gone through the stage of, if not reincarnation, then a serious modernization to the modern saw "Ural-2T-Electron", it is still being mass-produced.

What is good about "Druzhba-4" and its main disadvantages

Developed for this chainsaw in 1953 at the Zaporozhye "Progress", the MP-1 two-stroke engine, with a capacity of 4 hp, which gave it the number 4 in the name, was, and remains, so easy to repair and maintain that it ensured its success. for decades to come.

But it is not a single engine that Druzhba-4 has earned its popularity. The layout, convenient for long-term work, allows the feller to work while standing, in a comfortable position, cutting trees almost at the very ground, is not repeated in any other saw, except for those that are only its modifications. How many were there? Significant - really one, when the saw acquired a new, more powerful (5 hp) engine, a gearbox with a saw chain lubrication system and the name "Ural". It's not worth talking about little things, such as the shape of the tank. And the reduction in weight, which today is hardly the biggest drawback of this design, from 12.5 to 11 kg, cannot be called a significant achievement.

The saw, which received a gold medal at the Brussels exhibition in 1958, was mass-produced until the end of the 90s with minor changes:

• in the 60s, changes were made to the fastening of the handle;
• in the 80s the carburetor was replaced ("Druzhba-4A") and electronic ignition was installed ("Druzhba-4A-Electron");
• in the 90s, another new carburetor ("Friendship-4M") was installed.

The next stage, in fact, was the creation of "Ural", but it is only the development of "Friendship".

Other modifications of this saw mentioned in some sources are the fruit of the authors' imagination. The recently released saw "Druzhba-2" has a traditional layout for this tool, similar to the models of the market leaders Shtil and Husqvarna, and except for the name does not in any way resemble the legendary predecessor.

Advantages of "Friendship-4":

1. Convenience of work when felling wood.
2. High maintainability.
3. Simplicity of design.
4. Low cost.

Also, among the successful design features, it is worth mentioning the gearbox mounting with a clamp, which allows it to be turned at any angle, which makes it possible to position the saw bar in a horizontal plane. A simple centrifugal clutch, in which the outer L-shaped profile of the driving drum, with increasing speed, is pressed against the walls of the driven projection, fixed to the gearbox, providing torque transmission.

Chainsaw Disadvantages:

• Poor security system (lack of automatic brakes, stop buttons, vibration protection, etc.).
• A removable starter that is often lost.

• Great weight.
• Poor quality of spare parts.

The close relationship between "Ural" and "Druzhba" makes it possible to actively use spare parts from the first to the second. This is how the saws from the 60s gain a second youth after the installation of lubricated gearboxes with modern saw bars and chains on them.

And spare parts for "Druzhba" are still produced by many manufacturers and are not in short supply.

Moreover, not only saws were produced on the basis of its engine, but also motor pumps, winches, autonomous power stations and much more.

Repair and modernization of saw Druzhba

Although these saws ceased to be produced at the turn of the millennium, a huge number of them are in use and are still sold on the Internet. Some have far from exhausted their resources. But even those that have lost their appearance and acquired problems in work are easily restored.

After all, the body parts of these saws practically do not wear out, and the rest must be replaced. The video will help you avoid difficulties when disassembling Druzhba-4:

Most often, during repairs, you have to change the crankshaft bearings, all oil seals and gaskets.

Replacing the piston rings will not be superfluous during disassembly. It is also possible to install the oversize of the piston group.

If your chainsaw has a gearbox without lubrication, then you should install a more modern one. This will extend the service life of the saw chain.

And here is a video of the device of such a gearbox, which shows how it differs from the standard one:

Such a new one from the "Ural" costs about 3.5 thousand rubles, but at the cost of a slightly second-hand "Druzhba" in 4 - 5 thousand rubles. this price may seem excessive. The same goes for other elements. So, if you have a workable contact ignition, then give it for a new one or install an electronic one for 500 - 600 rubles. maybe not worth it. After all, the main problems with it arise due to damage to the crankshaft oil seal, and when it is replaced, everything can return to normal.

A removable starter costs the same, so it's best not to lose it. Some fix it firmly on self-tapping screws in a regular place and put up with certain inconveniences in work, and some - on a cable, and find a place for it on the handle of the chainsaw.

The carburetor is cheaper to repair with a repair kit.

The cost of a new one is about 1 thousand rubles.

The biggest alterations are most often made with an ignition system, namely: they install a car coil instead of the secondary winding of a standard coil. How to do it correctly is shown in the video:

At the same time, the spark becomes much more powerful, and problems with starting the saw are eliminated, especially in winter.

The chainsaw clutch practically does not fail, but sometimes it requires a little repair. It is designed so that at low speeds the L-shaped profile does not expand and the gearbox does not turn on, but if the rivets on which it is attached loosen, then it can touch the outer part of the gearbox clutch and at low speeds, then the clutch "leads". It is worth trying to rivet them harder. And if the reason is not eliminated, then in this case, buy a new clutch.

Homemade products from "Friendship-4"

The layout of the engine with a gearbox for this saw is so successful, and the clutch is so compact that the device is an almost ready-made power unit for many interesting homemade products.

In 1973, on the basis of these engines, an ultralight MAI X-3 helicopter was created, followed by modifications 4 and 5. They were even shown at a number of exhibitions, but did not go into serial production. It was too difficult to coordinate the work of as many as 8 engines for 2 propellers that ensured its movement.

But he flew! But driving on the Druzhba engine is much easier. On snow and on hard roads.

True, sufficiently high revolutions on the saw's output gearbox require the installation of a large driven gear on the traction wheel, an intermediate reduction shaft, or a reduction in the diameter of the wheel itself.

But snowblowers and motor-cultivators from it are quite productive, but also with a system that reduces the speed.

Finally, it is worth remembering the retrofitting of the saw with a system with a hydraulic wedge.

This device helps a lot precisely when felling wood. And how it works will become clear after watching the video:

Dear readers, if you have any questions, ask them using the form below. We will be glad to communicate with you;)

The first model of the Druzhba chainsaw was developed in 1953 and released in 1955. They were produced at machine-building plants in the cities of Biysk and Perm. All models of these chainsaws have an air-cooled, two-stroke, single-cylinder engine with a carburetor. Thanks to its convenient design and high productivity, Friendship is still in demand, and the saws of the first models are also in working order. The main purpose of the Druzhba chainsaw is felling and sawing logs.

Before operating any chainsaw, be sure to read the instructions from the manufacturer and follow all safety rules.

Chainsaw models

The general design of the saw did not change significantly over time, only individual parts were finalized. The number at the end of the model name indicates its power, for example, Friendship 2 - 2 hp. In the first chainsaw produced, the handles were attached to the fan cover, later they began to be attached to the clamp that connected the gearbox and the engine. In the 4A model, produced before the 80s, a contact magneto and a KMP-100 carburetor were already used. Automatic chain lubrication was also introduced for the first time. Later, it was discontinued and instead, the 4A-Electron model with electronic ignition began to be produced.

In the 90s, the old carburetor was replaced with a new KMP-100U. The chain saw became known as Friendship-4M and was equipped with updated chains. On the basis of the Druzhba chainsaw, the Ural saw with more powerful characteristics was developed. The last produced model with a similar design is Druzhba 5E.

Additional marking with the letter E or the word "Electron" means that an electronic ignition system is used in the chainsaw.

Specifications

Friendship-2

This model became one of the most popular of the entire original series. The Druzhba-2 chainsaw operates due to a two-stroke single-cylinder engine with a power of about 2.2 kW and a rotation speed of 3200 rpm. Compared to the previous version, this one was performed more efficiently. The frame and handle are designed to prevent the user from getting burned by the hot engine. The case is made of high quality alloy that is not afraid of temperature extremes. Unlike the first model, this one already has a mechanical chain brake for safe use. In the event of a rebound or break, it will stop the chain. The saw was intended both for household needs and for professional felling. Weight 12.5 kg.

Friendship-4

The friendship 4 chainsaw uses the same engine as the previous model, but more power - 4 hp. or 2.94 kW. The engine and power unit are installed using a flange connection secured with a yoke. The engine, if necessary (repair, replacement), can be easily removed in any conditions. On the basis of the Druzhba 4 saw, two modifications were made with markings 4A and 4E. The first included an automatic chain lubrication system, and the second used electronic ignition. The shortcomings of previous models were also taken into account, for example, the crankshaft bearing was reinforced. All versions were produced with an emergency braking system.

In the chainsaw friendship 4M-Electron, a similar engine with a power of 2.94 kW and a rotational speed of 5200 rpm is used. The cylinder is made of aluminum alloy, and the inside is chrome-plated for increased wear resistance. Unlike earlier versions, this chainsaw is equipped with a rotary gearbox, which allows the saw unit to be rotated 60-90 ° for more convenient operation. The weight is evenly distributed throughout the body for maximum comfort. There is also a vibration damping device located between the steering wheel with handles, struts and the gas tank.

To reduce the noise level, the saw is equipped with a silencer, and the noise level is 106 dB. A KMP-100U or KMP-100-AR carburetor is installed in the Druzhba 4M-Electron chainsaw. There are systems for automatic braking and saw chain lubrication. Weight 12.5 kg.

Friendship-5E

The latest released version of this series of chainsaws. Equipped with a two-stroke single-cylinder engine with a power of 5 hp. or 3.7 kW. Thanks to this, its performance is noticeably higher than that of previous models. Rotation speed 6200 rpm. At the same time, the level of the emitted noise is slightly lower than that of Druzhba-4M Electron, and amounts to 105 dB. The weight of the 5E chainsaw is 800 g less - 11.7 kg.

Table with technical characteristics of Druzhba chainsaws:

	Friendship-2	Friendship-4M Electron	Friendship-5E
engine's type	Single-cylinder, two-stroke, gasoline
power, kWt	2,2	2,94	3,7
Rotation frequency, rpm	3200	5200	6200
Bus length, cm	45
Launch type	Manual
Automatic chain lubrication	—	+	+
Fuel tank volume, l	1,5
The volume of the tank of the lubricating system, ml	240
Electronic ignition	—	+	+
Weight without consumables, kg	12,5	12,5	11,7
Dimensions, cm (WxHxD)	46x50x86.5		46x46x88
Swing gear	—	+	+
Chain pitch, inch	0,404
Engine lubrication	Gasoline blended with oil

Advantages and disadvantages

Positive qualities of Druzhba chainsaws:

• high productivity and the possibility of a long operating time without interruptions for 50 minutes;
• simple construction;
• the presence of high handles, thanks to which you can saw in a standing position, they also provide a safer use and reduce the level of vibration;
• accessible location of all parts;
• the chain is set in motion by high engine speeds, at idle it is stationary;
• low octane fuel can be used;
• the presence of an emergency brake in most models;
• when the saw chain gets stuck, the saw does not stall;
• precise and even cut;
• the service life, subject to the rules of operation and proper care, can be from 15 to 30 years.

The main drawback is the large weight. Also, due to the fact that the starter is removable, it is often lost and there is no Stop button.

Do not use leaded gasoline as fuel and do not run the saw in an enclosed space.

Thanks to the simple design, the repair of the Friendship chainsaw can be done by hand. So, for example, in saws of this brand, problems with ignition often arise, especially if a contact is installed. It is extremely sensitive to various oils and gasoline. Therefore, it is better to purchase electronic ignition instead. Moreover, spare parts for a friendship chainsaw contact are expensive and irreplaceable.

If the candles are heavily flooded, then you should pay attention to the carburetor. In this case, it is necessary to slightly bend the gasoline valve inward, as a result, the amount of supplied fuel will decrease and the candles will stop getting wet.

The carburetor is also easily adjustable:

1. The fuel screw is screwed in to the end and unscrewed back 3 turns.
2. The propeller closes completely and turns back 2 turns.

To prevent air from being sucked into the system from the outside, all seals must be tight.

Compared to other models of the Druzhba chainsaw, it is sold at a lower price, due to the small number of functions, but it has excellent quality and a long service life, which imported models cannot boast.

The main malfunctions of the chainsaw Friendship - video